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乌斯基之家September 28 从“耶鲁前校长炮轰中国高等教育”说起路透北京记者站分析员 余乐/文
近日，一篇名为《美国校长炮轰中国高校》的文章仍在无数网站、论坛上被疯狂转载。这篇文章据说为前耶鲁大学校长小贝诺•施密德特所撰写的文章将中国的高等教育批得一无是处，并且语言火爆激烈，不留情面，引起了中国网民的大讨论。文中被热炒的语句包括： “新中国没有一个教育家，而民国时期的教育家灿若星海。” 上述言论不仅直截了当，而且针针见血，完全戳到中国高等教育的痛处上，让我们惊异于这位美国校长对中国的了解，难怪许多网友大呼过瘾。 然而，看到这篇文章，我的第一反应就是怀疑：一个美国大学校长，有何必要以如此激烈的语言攻击中国高等教育？俗话说，人家犯得着吗？随手一搜索，找不到这篇文章的任何出处，更没有英文原文，难不成施密德特先生这文章是用中文写的吗？再一看，原来已经有细心的网友指出，这篇文章只是借用了施密德特先生在1987年耶鲁大学迎新典礼上的演讲中的部分语句，而那次演讲完全没有一个字提到中国。不用说，这篇所谓耶鲁前校长的雄文实际上出自中国愤青之手。 核查这些情况并不难，我只用了不到五分钟时间。然而令人惊讶的是，网络上疯狂的转贴者、讨论者们极少有人对文章的真实性表示怀疑，也有一些指出其系杜撰的帖子，但几乎得不到任何关注，更别提转载。更令人惊讶的是，即便已经知道这篇文章是假的，大部分人的反应仍然是“不管真的假的，文章还是很有道理的”、“篡改过的比原来那篇还要好！”等等，似乎文章的真实性完全无足轻重。 类似的情况已经不是第一次出现。愤青假借某某之口发表文章为自己泄愤或树立假想敌的事件近年来已是屡见不鲜。最典型的就是一系列关于韩国教授论证孔子、孙中山、毛泽东等是韩国人的文章，其中一些还被正规媒体报道，引起国际纠纷。稍微用脑子想想就知道，这些“XX是韩国人”的报道至少99%都是中国网友编造出来的，但多数网友即便知道是假的，也还会说：“反正棒子就是贱”。另一个愤青杰作是光看标题就耸人听闻的《上海女大学生发帖狂骂浙大教授：我宁愿嫁美国黑人》。即便造假者已经现身说法，公开承认错误，帖子仍被不停地转载、评论、痛骂。 上述事件有一些惊人的共同点：帖子内容离奇极端，明显不符合常识；但绝大多数网友仍深信不疑；即便有质疑之声，也很快被淹没；甚至即便已知道帖子是假的，网友仍继续转载、评论，认为文章真实性无关紧要。可见，对于很多网友来说，他们上网不是想看真实的世界，而是想看自己想象中的世界，不是想了解现实，而是想发泄找乐。当他们无处发泄时，就会有好事者编一个东西出来供他们发泄。于是，“爱意淫的棒子”、“崇洋媚外的女大学生”等靶子应运而生，成为众矢之的。 当真相对于人们来说已经无所谓了的时候，那些看似激烈、深刻、忧国忧民的讨论实际上只是网络上大规模的集体癔症而已。仔细想想，几个好事愤青编造出来的漏洞百出的帖子，就能煽动起亿万网民，这种群体无意识如果愈演愈烈，早晚会从网上走到网下，造成实质性的破坏。 随便提一句，本来想说这次中国的媒体有所进步，尚无一家把“耶鲁前校长”的文章当新闻来报道，否则只要有一家吃螃蟹的，肯定又会造成无数媒体转载热炒、“谎言重复一千遍成为真理”的局面，闹不好还会闹出国际笑话。但是转念一想，要不是文章里面“红色中国不存在学术自由”等内容太过敏感，通不过宣传部门的审查，恐怕国际笑话早就闹出来了。(完) August 26 Chinese youth show love on lunar "Valentine's Day"By Yu Le and Lucy Hornby BEIJING, Aug 26 (Reuters Life!) - Valentine's Day is the universal celebration of love, but some young Chinese are reviving their heritage and keeping an age-old, lunar romance festival alive. Western festivals such as Valentine's Day, Christmas and even Thanksgiving have been embraced by many among China's growing ranks of affluent, Westernised professionals. But there are some, especially those in their twenties, who are going traditional. "I'll go to the cinema and have dinner with my boyfriend," said Mao Rui, a college student who said she had received a bracelet from her boyfriend as a gift for the Qi Xi Festival, which is celebrated on Wednesday. "The culture behind Chinese Valentine's Day is very romantic and beautiful." The Qi Xi Festival falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month and celebrates the legend of the fairy Zhinu and her mortal, cowherd husband Niulang who are allowed to meet, on a bridge that spans the Milky Way, only on that day. But unlike other mainstream celebrations, such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Lunar New Year, Qi Xi is not widely marked and remains firmly in the shadow of Valentine's Day. "The flowers I sold for Qi Xi were less than a half of the ones sold on Valentine's Day," a Beijing florist told the website of China National Radio (www.cnr.cn). "Qi Xi does not have a unique festive mood, not like Valentine's Day when we think of flowers and chocolates," added Zhang Yong, a 27-year-old company employee. Xu Yang, a banker who got married last year, told Reuters that she and her husband didn't want to celebrate two "Valentine's Days" a year. "So we decided to skip Qi Xi," she said. "Although Qi Xi is more traditional, the calendar we use in daily life is not the lunar one." (Additional reporting by Beijing newsroom) (Editing by Miral Fahmy) ((le.yu@reuters.com; +86 10 6627 1219; Reuters Messaging: le.yu.reuters.com@reuters.net)) ((If you have a query or comment on this story, send an email to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com)) Keywords: CHINA VALENTINES/ For Related News, Double Click on one of these codes: [G] [Z] [PSC] [RNP] [DNP] [PGE] [EMRG] [LIF] [ASIA] [CN] [GEN] [NSS] [LEN] [RTRS] Wednesday, 26 August 2009 18:18:02RTRS [nPEK166271] {EN}ENDS August 12 新闻伦理思考之----记者的立场新闻伦理思考之----记者的立场 做为中国公民，为外国媒体工作多多少少有些姥姥不疼、舅舅不爱。外国人怕你被爱国主义教育洗脑，中国人又怕你当卖国贼。就连居委会的大爷知道我在外媒工作后都紧紧握着我的手，语重心长地说：“要爱国啊！” 俨然一副拯救失足少年的口吻，搞得我哭笑不得。 但是，处在这样一个位置上，会让人很容易思考一个新闻从业者的核心价值问题，那就是作为一个记者，你的立场应该摆在哪里？应该为谁说话？ 在以前，这个问题是不成为问题的，因为从理论上来说，我们国家的所有新闻机构都是党的喉舌，是宣传机器，记者自然要站在党的立场、人民的立场上来开展工作（至于党的立场和人民的立场是不是一回事儿，那是另外一个问题）。但现在不一样了，存在于中国的媒体除了喉舌中的喉舌--如人民日报等党的机关报--以外，还有大量的由政府领导或挂靠在某个政府部门，但主要以追求商业利润为目的的媒体-- 如都市报、各种非机关刊物等等，以及完全存在于体制外，但也想在中国市场分一杯羹的境外媒体。由此，也产生了大量的不以为党和政府做宣传工作为主要任务的新闻工作者。对于这些从业人员来说，屁股在哪儿，脑袋在哪儿，都是很值得思考的问题。 对于记者这个职业，我持工具主义的态度。从这个职业的名字就可以看出来，无论是中文的“记者”，还是英文的journalist、reporter，无一例外都说明记者的责任就是记录。还句话说，记者就是记录的工具。从这个角度讲，一个工具是不需要立场的。只要所报道的都是事实，记者就无愧于自己的良心。 进一步讲，无论为政府宣传，还是为反政府助威，无论是帮助维持稳定，还是挑动社会动乱，其实都超出了记者的职责。大量的历史事实表明，媒体只要沦为宣传机器，无论其为谁宣传，都会导致其报道失去客观性，进而导致信誉的毁损。从这个意义上说，记者不仅不需要立场，甚至不能有立场。 但是在实际的操作中，问题远不是那么简单。虽然说理想状态的记者报道的100%是客观事实，但选择事实、组织材料却不可避免地是一个主观过程。记者完全可以选择某一方面的事实，而忽视另一方面的事实，使一篇看起来很客观的报道其实极度不客观。比如7.5事件后，许多外国记者都到了新疆采访。但他们的报道往往只有维族人的抗议和哭诉，而没有汉族百姓的只言片语。虽然他们的报道中没有捏造的成份，但给读者造成的印象却与事实相差甚远。 很多热心但外行的人士都拿这些例子来教育“被西方媒体洗了脑”的本人。他们说：你看，西方媒体不是号称客观公正吗？为什么还会这样歪曲事实？媒体都是被政府控制的，世界上根本没有绝对的新闻自由！ 没错，世界上也许是没有“绝对”的新闻自由，也没有“绝对”的客观公正，但世界上任何绝对的东西都是不存在的。完美的东西不存在，但并不妨碍我们对完美的追求，也不能成为甘于丑陋的借口。真正的问题是，如何报道才算客观? 怎样选择才是公正？ 其实要回答这个问题也简单，新闻事件就摆在哪儿，怎么报道最能反映事实真相，最能还原事件的原貌，就怎么报道好了。如果你连事实是怎么样的都不清楚，那就说明你连当记者的资格都不具备。外媒涉华报道中的歪曲、事实、以偏概全等问题，很多都是记者职业素养和知识储备不足，对事实的了解不够全面造成的。另一部分，则是因为“有立场”而造成的（当然，这种立场主要指的是迎合西方读者的口味，而不是一些国人认为的受西方政府控制来诋毁中国）。因此，只要政治上没有立场，技术上又足够专业，就足以无限地接近客观公正。 话又回到爱国与卖国的问题上来。很多朋友问我，你在外媒工作是给外国人说话还是给中国人说话，或者问，你是帮外国人污蔑中国还是帮中国改善国际形象？我认为都不是。我只是努力地做一个专业的记录者，给我的读者奉献最接近事实的报道，尽量减少媒体于他们在认识世界的过程中所强加的误导。个人来讲，我对事物肯定有这样那样的看法。但是作为职业媒体人，我在工作中没有立场，并且认为这就是高尚的。至于爱国卖国，那与我何干？何况我似乎也没有那样的资格。 August 07 Chinese start postcard drive to support dissidentsBy Yu Le and Lucy Hornby BEIJING, Aug 6 (Reuters Life!) - Chinese web users have launched a postcard campaign to support dissidents in prisons and to protest against their detention, one of the organisers told Reuters. Chinese Internet activists launched their first postcard campaign last month, in a little-known case of a man detained in Fujian province in southern China. They are now expanding the campaign to support better-known activists, including legal aid lawyer Xu Zhiyong and earthquake victim advocate Tan Zuoren. "It depends on the prison or detention house whether they can receive the postcards," wrote Wen Yunchao, the blogger who initiated the idea. "But pressure could be felt when huge amounts of postcards are flooding in." Beijing is tightening its grip on the country's determined but small activist community, which has come under intense government pressure ahead of the celebrations for the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic in October. Xu Zhiyong, who had taken on causes including helping victims of tainted baby milk formula and issuing an independent report on Tibet, was taken from his home last week and is being held in an undisclosed location. Tan Zuoren, a writer who compiled a list of earthquake victims, faces trial next week on a charge of "inciting subversion of state power". The first postcard campaign supported Guo Baofeng, detained for spreading information about ties between police and suspected rapists and murderers. Police said the woman died of illness. Guo was released two weeks later, although it was not clear whether the postcards had helped. None ever reached his hands. Advocates told web surfers and friends to write "Your mother calls you back home for lunch" on the postcards, referring to a phrase currently popular among the Chinese Internet community. "'Come back home for lunch' is a metaphor for freedom," Ran Yunfei, a magazine editor who said he had sent postcards to Tan and Huang, told Reuters. "And the word 'mother' makes people feel warm." There is no evidence so far to show that the movement has any influence on the dissidents' cases, but Ran said at least it provides a way for people to express their opinion without risking unwelcome attention from security forces. "The most important thing is to show your attitude," Ran said. "That's why it makes sense." (Editing by Ken Wills and Sugita Katyal) ((le.yu@reuters.com; +86 10 6627 1219; Reuters Messaging: le.yu.reuters.com@reuters.net)) ((If you have a query or comment on this story, send an email to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com)) Keywords: CHINA DISSIDENTS/POSTCARD Thursday, 06 August 2009 18:13:08RTRS [nPEK248845] {C}ENDS Ageing Shanghai urges 2nd baby for eligible couplesBy Emma Graham-Harrison and Yu Le BEIJING, July 24 (Reuters) - Shanghai is urging eligible couples to have two children as worries about the looming liability of an ageing population outweighs concerns about over-stretched resources, a city official said on Friday. The policy marks the first time in decades Chinese officials have actively encouraged procreation. China's famous "one child" policy is actually less rigorous than its name suggests, and allows urban parents to have two offspring if they are both only children. Rural couples are allowed a second child if their first is a girl. This is still the official line in most of China, but the financial hub of Shanghai is now rich enough to focus on a new concern -- the burden of an ageing population of native-born Shanghainese. More children would help relieve the heavy pressure from ageing people, said Zhang Meixin, a spokesman for the Shanghai Municipal Population and Family Planning Commission, adding that the basic population policy had not changed. "Shanghai's over-60 population already exceeds 3 million, or 21.6 percent of registered residents," he told Reuters by telephone. "That is already near the average figure of developed countries and is still rising quickly." Most newly-married couples registered in Shanghai are both only children and so may have two children, Zhang said. The number of couples eligible to have two children rose from 4,600 in 2005 to 7,300 in 2008, he added. "The current average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime is lower than one," Zhang said. "If all couples have children according to the policy, it would definitely help relieve pressure in the long term." The U.S.-based Center for Strategic and International Studies warned in April that by 2050 China would have more than 438 million people over 60 years of age, with more than 100 million aged 80 and above. The country will have just 1.6 working-age adults to support every person aged 60 and above, compared with 7.7 in 1975. But if Beijing changes tack on policy, it may not be difficult to shift the population balance. Over two-thirds of women would like to have two or more children to prevent their children becoming spoilt or lonely, a senior official at the National Family Planning Commission said earlier this year. While the population of those born in Shanghai is ageing fast, China's urban workforce is continuously replenished by migrants from the countryside, who are not registered residents. China's underfunded state pension system and shrinking family size has removed a traditional layer of support for elders, leaving society ill-prepared to cope with an ageing population. China aims to keep its overall population, the world's largest, below 1.36 billion by the end of next year. (Editing by Benjamin Kang Lim; Editing by Chris Lewis) ((emma.graham-harrison@thomsonreuters.com; +86 10 6627 1203; Reuters Messaging: emma.graham-harrison@reuters.net)) ((If you have a query or comment on this story, send an email to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com)) Keywords: CHINA BABIES/ Friday, 24 July 2009 16:51:13RTRS [nSP347759 ] {C}ENDS July 02 北大的胜利路透社北京分社研究员 余乐/文 今天是7月2日，距离贾昊校友的离去已经有四天，北京各大媒体及网站仍未见任何报道。当然，一名大学生的自杀是否值得媒体关注，这是一个可以讨论的问题。但是从媒体既往的表现来看，他们无论如何不会认为贾昊同学的死不值得报道。 在北京本地媒体的眼中，北大无小事。几年前，北大一名女生在云南旅游时遇车祸去世，这样一件普通得不能再普通的事情，只因死者名前的“北大”二字，便引来各大媒体的高度关注。《华夏时报》更是不惜派出记者采用欺骗式的采访方式，套取所谓的“独家新闻”，并令人匪夷所思地放在当天头版头条的位置。相比之下，贾昊同学在即将毕业之际选择放弃生命，并且其死很可能与其导师有关，这样一件事情显然更应引起公众关注的事情，却被所有媒体一致无视。这毫无疑问是北大新闻学院封锁消息的结果。 新闻自由对于社会，对于公民的意义，相信北大新闻学院的老师们比我要清楚得多。听说谢新洲老师自己上课的时候还说过“谣言止于真相”这样的话。但令人感到悲哀的是，恰恰是这些引领中国新闻事业方向的人，用自己的行动践踏了新闻自由的神圣理想。 最让我感到不安的是，一个北大新闻学院就有能力把消息封锁得严严实实，让一个生命毫无尊严地人间蒸发。而我们这个国家有多少比北大新闻学院强大无数倍的力量存在，能够把多少比贾昊之死更黑暗无数倍的、残忍而真实的事实封锁住、掩盖住，仿佛从来没有发生过呢？又有多少像贾昊一样的无权无势的普通人，无论生还是死，都只能注定是沉默的大多数呢？ 曾经引领中国自由、民主之风的北大，如今已经成了言论控制的排头兵。目前校方对未名BBS的“管理”之严格，新闻审查标准之苛刻，在全国高校之中都可称“独领风骚”。去年做为奥运会比赛场馆的北大体育馆工地起火，当全北京已无人不知、无人不晓时，未名BBS上仍然见不到有关此事的只言片语，和谐的一塌糊涂。有关人员不懈删贴的精神，完全配得上“掩耳盗铃”四字。此次贾昊同学自杀的消息，也不例外地在未名三角地遭到封杀，以至于北大同学不得不跑到清华的BBS上去了解、讨论相关情况。 我不得不说，新院胜利了，北大胜利了。这是一种令人绝望的胜利。（完） June 22 Internet boycott calls to mark China filter debutBy Yu Le and Emma Graham-Harrison BEIJING, June 22 (Reuters) - Chinese Internet users are calling on fellow web surfers to stay offline on July 1, the debut of a controversial software filter that critics say the Chinese government is using to tighten censorship. New regulations from Beijing mandate "Green Dam," a program sold by Jinhui Computer System Engineering Co., be pre-installed on personal computers manufactured or shipped after July 1. China says the filter is designed to block pornography. [ID:nPEK51915] But many web users and activists both inside and outside China fear a campaign against "unhealthy" sites is a pretext for a wider crackdown on groups and websites that the government fears or disapproves of. The U.S. embassay said it viewed with concern any attempt to restrict the free flow of information, and was worried about both the potential impact on trade of the software and the serious technical issues raised by the use of Green Dam. Outspoken Beijing artist Ai Weiwei, who helped design the landmark Olympic Bird's Nest stadium but has become an increasingly vocal critic of the government, called on web users to boycott use of the Internet on the day of Green Dam's debut. In a post on Twitter (www.twitter.com), Ai called for the low key protests to mark a day that is also the anniversary of the founding of China's Communist Party. "Stop any online activities, including working, reading, chatting, blogging, gaming and mailing," Ai wrote in the Chinese-language post. "Don't explain your behaviour." Ai told Reuters he hoped the boycott would gather support because it offered an easy way to make a stand in a country where vocal opposition to government policy can be risky. "It's an online protest without any cost or risk," Ai told Reuters in an email. "It aims to oppose Internet censorship." "I haven't counted the number of supporters, but there are many of them," he added. His message has already been picked up and passed on by other Internet users backing the call for a day offline. "LACKING MORALITY" The introduction of Green Dam has raised concerns from industry as well as rights groups, ranging from worries about compatibility, intellectual property rights and support for the software to cyber-security and Internet freedoms. Initial criticism of the software in Chinese media has been muted in recent days, but the editor of the influential Caijing business magazine on Monday published a commentary slamming Green Dam as lacking validity and moral authority. "In order to prevent the transmission on the Internet of violence, and of vulgar information that harms young people ... there must be some form of public authority backing up social rights," Hu Shuli wrote. "But the help should be a kind of service, must not be coercive, and should have the acceptance of society. Otherwise ... it will certainly be thwarted," she said. One web survey published in the Beijing Times showed most respondents thought the software violated privacy and were not willing to pay for it once a free one-year subscription expired. The rollout of Green Dam has come on the heels of a wider, long-running campaign to "clean up" the Internet. The government last week condemned the Chinese-language version of Google (GOOG.O) and several domestic sites, including high profile Mop and Tencent, for "disseminating pornographic and vulgar information" and asked them to remove some content. [ID:nPEK78941] Analysts say the Communist Party is fighting to stifle dissent in a year of sensitive anniversaries, including the 20th anniversary of the June 4 crackdown on pro-democracy protesters. (Editing by Ken Wills and Dean Yates) |
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