路透北京记者站分析员 余乐/文

       近日，一篇名为《美国校长炮轰中国高校》的文章仍在无数网站、论坛上被疯狂转载。这篇文章据说为前耶鲁大学校长小贝诺•施密德特所撰写的文章将中国的高等教育批得一无是处，并且语言火爆激烈，不留情面，引起了中国网民的大讨论。文中被热炒的语句包括：

      “新中国没有一个教育家，而民国时期的教育家灿若星海。”
      “他们把经济上的成功当成教育的成功，他们竟然引以为骄傲，这是人类文明史最大的笑话。”
       “对于中国大学日益严重的‘官本位’体制，施密德特也深感担忧，他痛心地说：‘宙斯已被赶出天国，权力主宰一切’。”
        “施密德特认为中国大学不存在真正的学术自由，他说中国大学‘对政治的适应，对某些人利益的迎合，损害了大学对智力和真理的追求。’”
        “他甚至说‘红色中国没有一所真正的大学’。”

       上述言论不仅直截了当，而且针针见血，完全戳到中国高等教育的痛处上，让我们惊异于这位美国校长对中国的了解，难怪许多网友大呼过瘾。

        然而，看到这篇文章，我的第一反应就是怀疑：一个美国大学校长，有何必要以如此激烈的语言攻击中国高等教育？俗话说，人家犯得着吗？随手一搜索，找不到这篇文章的任何出处，更没有英文原文，难不成施密德特先生这文章是用中文写的吗？再一看，原来已经有细心的网友指出，这篇文章只是借用了施密德特先生在1987年耶鲁大学迎新典礼上的演讲中的部分语句，而那次演讲完全没有一个字提到中国。不用说，这篇所谓耶鲁前校长的雄文实际上出自中国愤青之手。

       核查这些情况并不难，我只用了不到五分钟时间。然而令人惊讶的是，网络上疯狂的转贴者、讨论者们极少有人对文章的真实性表示怀疑，也有一些指出其系杜撰的帖子，但几乎得不到任何关注，更别提转载。更令人惊讶的是，即便已经知道这篇文章是假的，大部分人的反应仍然是“不管真的假的，文章还是很有道理的”、“篡改过的比原来那篇还要好！”等等，似乎文章的真实性完全无足轻重。

        类似的情况已经不是第一次出现。愤青假借某某之口发表文章为自己泄愤或树立假想敌的事件近年来已是屡见不鲜。最典型的就是一系列关于韩国教授论证孔子、孙中山、毛泽东等是韩国人的文章，其中一些还被正规媒体报道，引起国际纠纷。稍微用脑子想想就知道，这些“XX是韩国人”的报道至少99%都是中国网友编造出来的，但多数网友即便知道是假的，也还会说：“反正棒子就是贱”。另一个愤青杰作是光看标题就耸人听闻的《上海女大学生发帖狂骂浙大教授：我宁愿嫁美国黑人》。即便造假者已经现身说法，公开承认错误，帖子仍被不停地转载、评论、痛骂。

       上述事件有一些惊人的共同点：帖子内容离奇极端，明显不符合常识；但绝大多数网友仍深信不疑；即便有质疑之声，也很快被淹没；甚至即便已知道帖子是假的，网友仍继续转载、评论，认为文章真实性无关紧要。可见，对于很多网友来说，他们上网不是想看真实的世界，而是想看自己想象中的世界，不是想了解现实，而是想发泄找乐。当他们无处发泄时，就会有好事者编一个东西出来供他们发泄。于是，“爱意淫的棒子”、“崇洋媚外的女大学生”等靶子应运而生，成为众矢之的。

       当真相对于人们来说已经无所谓了的时候，那些看似激烈、深刻、忧国忧民的讨论实际上只是网络上大规模的集体癔症而已。仔细想想，几个好事愤青编造出来的漏洞百出的帖子，就能煽动起亿万网民，这种群体无意识如果愈演愈烈，早晚会从网上走到网下，造成实质性的破坏。

       随便提一句，本来想说这次中国的媒体有所进步，尚无一家把“耶鲁前校长”的文章当新闻来报道，否则只要有一家吃螃蟹的，肯定又会造成无数媒体转载热炒、“谎言重复一千遍成为真理”的局面，闹不好还会闹出国际笑话。但是转念一想，要不是文章里面“红色中国不存在学术自由”等内容太过敏感，通不过宣传部门的审查，恐怕国际笑话早就闹出来了。(完)

By Yu Le and Lucy Hornby
    BEIJING, Aug 26 (Reuters Life!) - Valentine's Day is the universal celebration of love, but some young Chinese are reviving their heritage and keeping an age-old, lunar romance festival alive.
    Western festivals such as Valentine's Day, Christmas and even Thanksgiving have been embraced by many among China's growing ranks of affluent, Westernised professionals. But there are some, especially those in their twenties, who are going traditional.
    "I'll go to the cinema and have dinner with my boyfriend," said Mao Rui, a college student who said she had received a bracelet from her boyfriend as a gift for the Qi Xi Festival, which is celebrated on Wednesday.
    "The culture behind Chinese Valentine's Day is very romantic and beautiful."
    The Qi Xi Festival falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month and celebrates the legend of the fairy Zhinu and her mortal, cowherd husband Niulang who are allowed to meet, on a bridge that spans the Milky Way, only on that day.
    But unlike other mainstream celebrations, such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Lunar New Year, Qi Xi is not widely marked and remains firmly in the shadow of Valentine's Day.
    "The flowers I sold for Qi Xi were less than a half of the ones sold on Valentine's Day," a Beijing florist told the website of China National Radio (www.cnr.cn).
    "Qi Xi does not have a unique festive mood, not like Valentine's Day when we think of flowers and chocolates," added Zhang Yong, a 27-year-old company employee.
    Xu Yang, a banker who got married last year, told Reuters that she and her husband didn't want to celebrate two "Valentine's Days" a year.
    "So we decided to skip Qi Xi," she said. "Although Qi Xi is more traditional, the calendar we use in daily life is not the lunar one."
    (Additional reporting by Beijing newsroom)
    (Editing by Miral Fahmy)
   ((le.yu@reuters.com; +86 10 6627 1219; Reuters Messaging: le.yu.reuters.com@reuters.net))
  ((If you have a query or comment on this story, send an email to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com))
 Keywords: CHINA VALENTINES/
   
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 Wednesday, 26 August 2009 18:18:02RTRS [nPEK166271] {EN}ENDS

新闻伦理思考之----记者的立场
   
   
    做为中国公民，为外国媒体工作多多少少有些姥姥不疼、舅舅不爱。外国人怕你被爱国主义教育洗脑，中国人又怕你当卖国贼。就连居委会的大爷知道我在外媒工作后都紧紧握着我的手，语重心长地说：“要爱国啊！” 俨然一副拯救失足少年的口吻，搞得我哭笑不得。
   
    但是，处在这样一个位置上，会让人很容易思考一个新闻从业者的核心价值问题，那就是作为一个记者，你的立场应该摆在哪里？应该为谁说话？
   
    在以前，这个问题是不成为问题的，因为从理论上来说，我们国家的所有新闻机构都是党的喉舌，是宣传机器，记者自然要站在党的立场、人民的立场上来开展工作（至于党的立场和人民的立场是不是一回事儿，那是另外一个问题）。但现在不一样了，存在于中国的媒体除了喉舌中的喉舌--如人民日报等党的机关报--以外，还有大量的由政府领导或挂靠在某个政府部门，但主要以追求商业利润为目的的媒体-- 如都市报、各种非机关刊物等等，以及完全存在于体制外，但也想在中国市场分一杯羹的境外媒体。由此，也产生了大量的不以为党和政府做宣传工作为主要任务的新闻工作者。对于这些从业人员来说，屁股在哪儿，脑袋在哪儿，都是很值得思考的问题。
   
    对于记者这个职业，我持工具主义的态度。从这个职业的名字就可以看出来，无论是中文的“记者”，还是英文的journalist、reporter，无一例外都说明记者的责任就是记录。还句话说，记者就是记录的工具。从这个角度讲，一个工具是不需要立场的。只要所报道的都是事实，记者就无愧于自己的良心。
   
    进一步讲，无论为政府宣传，还是为反政府助威，无论是帮助维持稳定，还是挑动社会动乱，其实都超出了记者的职责。大量的历史事实表明，媒体只要沦为宣传机器，无论其为谁宣传，都会导致其报道失去客观性，进而导致信誉的毁损。从这个意义上说，记者不仅不需要立场，甚至不能有立场。
   
    但是在实际的操作中，问题远不是那么简单。虽然说理想状态的记者报道的100%是客观事实，但选择事实、组织材料却不可避免地是一个主观过程。记者完全可以选择某一方面的事实，而忽视另一方面的事实，使一篇看起来很客观的报道其实极度不客观。比如7.5事件后，许多外国记者都到了新疆采访。但他们的报道往往只有维族人的抗议和哭诉，而没有汉族百姓的只言片语。虽然他们的报道中没有捏造的成份，但给读者造成的印象却与事实相差甚远。
   
    很多热心但外行的人士都拿这些例子来教育“被西方媒体洗了脑”的本人。他们说：你看，西方媒体不是号称客观公正吗？为什么还会这样歪曲事实？媒体都是被政府控制的，世界上根本没有绝对的新闻自由！
   
    没错，世界上也许是没有“绝对”的新闻自由，也没有“绝对”的客观公正，但世界上任何绝对的东西都是不存在的。完美的东西不存在，但并不妨碍我们对完美的追求，也不能成为甘于丑陋的借口。真正的问题是，如何报道才算客观? 怎样选择才是公正？
   
    其实要回答这个问题也简单，新闻事件就摆在哪儿，怎么报道最能反映事实真相，最能还原事件的原貌，就怎么报道好了。如果你连事实是怎么样的都不清楚，那就说明你连当记者的资格都不具备。外媒涉华报道中的歪曲、事实、以偏概全等问题，很多都是记者职业素养和知识储备不足，对事实的了解不够全面造成的。另一部分，则是因为“有立场”而造成的（当然，这种立场主要指的是迎合西方读者的口味，而不是一些国人认为的受西方政府控制来诋毁中国）。因此，只要政治上没有立场，技术上又足够专业，就足以无限地接近客观公正。
   
    话又回到爱国与卖国的问题上来。很多朋友问我，你在外媒工作是给外国人说话还是给中国人说话，或者问，你是帮外国人污蔑中国还是帮中国改善国际形象？我认为都不是。我只是努力地做一个专业的记录者，给我的读者奉献最接近事实的报道，尽量减少媒体于他们在认识世界的过程中所强加的误导。个人来讲，我对事物肯定有这样那样的看法。但是作为职业媒体人，我在工作中没有立场，并且认为这就是高尚的。至于爱国卖国，那与我何干？何况我似乎也没有那样的资格。

By Yu Le and Lucy Hornby
    BEIJING, Aug 6 (Reuters Life!) - Chinese web users have launched a postcard campaign to support dissidents in prisons and to protest against their detention, one of the organisers told Reuters.
    Chinese Internet activists launched their first postcard campaign last month, in a little-known case of a man detained in Fujian province in southern China.
    They are now expanding the campaign to support better-known activists, including legal aid lawyer Xu Zhiyong and earthquake victim advocate Tan Zuoren.
    "It depends on the prison or detention house whether they can receive the postcards," wrote Wen Yunchao, the blogger who initiated the idea.
    "But pressure could be felt when huge amounts of postcards are flooding in."
    Beijing is tightening its grip on the country's determined but small activist community, which has come under intense government pressure ahead of the celebrations for the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic in October.
    Xu Zhiyong, who had taken on causes including helping victims of tainted baby milk formula and issuing an independent report on Tibet, was taken from his home last week and is being held in an undisclosed location.
    Tan Zuoren, a writer who compiled a list of earthquake victims, faces trial next week on a charge of "inciting subversion of state power".
    The first postcard campaign supported Guo Baofeng, detained for spreading information about ties between police and suspected rapists and murderers. Police said the woman died of illness.
    Guo was released two weeks later, although it was not clear whether the postcards had helped. None ever reached his hands.
    Advocates told web surfers and friends to write "Your mother calls you back home for lunch" on the postcards, referring to a phrase currently popular among the Chinese Internet community.
    "'Come back home for lunch' is a metaphor for freedom," Ran Yunfei, a magazine editor who said he had sent postcards to Tan and Huang, told Reuters.
    "And the word 'mother' makes people feel warm."
    There is no evidence so far to show that the movement has any influence on the dissidents' cases, but Ran said at least it provides a way for people to express their opinion without risking unwelcome attention from security forces.
    "The most important thing is to show your attitude," Ran said. "That's why it makes sense."
 (Editing by Ken Wills and Sugita Katyal)
 ((le.yu@reuters.com; +86 10 6627 1219; Reuters Messaging: le.yu.reuters.com@reuters.net))
  ((If you have a query or comment on this story, send an email to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com))
 Keywords: CHINA DISSIDENTS/POSTCARD
    Thursday, 06 August 2009 18:13:08RTRS [nPEK248845] {C}ENDS

By Emma Graham-Harrison and Yu Le
    BEIJING, July 24 (Reuters) - Shanghai is urging eligible couples to have two children as worries about the looming liability of an ageing population outweighs concerns about over-stretched resources, a city official said on Friday.
    The policy marks the first time in decades Chinese officials have actively encouraged procreation.
    China's famous "one child" policy is actually less rigorous than its name suggests, and allows urban parents to have two offspring if they are both only children. Rural couples are allowed a second child if their first is a girl.
    This is still the official line in most of China, but the financial hub of Shanghai is now rich enough to focus on a new concern -- the burden of an ageing population of native-born Shanghainese.
    More children would help relieve the heavy pressure from ageing people, said Zhang Meixin, a spokesman for the Shanghai Municipal Population and Family Planning Commission, adding that the basic population policy had not changed.
    "Shanghai's over-60 population already exceeds 3 million, or 21.6 percent of registered residents," he told Reuters by telephone. "That is already near the average figure of developed countries and is still rising quickly."
    Most newly-married couples registered in Shanghai are both only children and so may have two children, Zhang said.
    The number of couples eligible to have two children rose from 4,600 in 2005 to 7,300 in 2008, he added.
    "The current average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime is lower than one," Zhang said. "If all couples have children according to the policy, it would definitely help relieve pressure in the long term."
    The U.S.-based Center for Strategic and International Studies warned in April that by 2050 China would have more than 438 million people over 60 years of age, with more than 100 million aged 80 and above.
    The country will have just 1.6 working-age adults to support every person aged 60 and above, compared with 7.7 in 1975.
    But if Beijing changes tack on policy, it may not be difficult to shift the population balance.
    Over two-thirds of women would like to have two or more children to prevent their children becoming spoilt or lonely, a senior official at the National Family Planning Commission said earlier this year.
    While the population of those born in Shanghai is ageing fast, China's urban workforce is continuously replenished by migrants from the countryside, who are not registered residents.
    China's underfunded state pension system and shrinking family size has removed a traditional layer of support for elders, leaving society ill-prepared to cope with an ageing population.
    China aims to keep its overall population, the world's largest, below 1.36 billion by the end of next year.
 (Editing by Benjamin Kang Lim; Editing by Chris Lewis)
 ((emma.graham-harrison@thomsonreuters.com; +86 10 6627 1203; Reuters Messaging: emma.graham-harrison@reuters.net))
 ((If you have a query or comment on this story, send an email to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com)) Keywords: CHINA BABIES/
     Friday, 24 July 2009 16:51:13RTRS [nSP347759 ] {C}ENDS

路透社北京分社研究员  余乐/文

今天是7月2日，距离贾昊校友的离去已经有四天，北京各大媒体及网站仍未见任何报道。当然，一名大学生的自杀是否值得媒体关注，这是一个可以讨论的问题。但是从媒体既往的表现来看，他们无论如何不会认为贾昊同学的死不值得报道。

在北京本地媒体的眼中，北大无小事。几年前，北大一名女生在云南旅游时遇车祸去世，这样一件普通得不能再普通的事情，只因死者名前的“北大”二字，便引来各大媒体的高度关注。《华夏时报》更是不惜派出记者采用欺骗式的采访方式，套取所谓的“独家新闻”，并令人匪夷所思地放在当天头版头条的位置。相比之下，贾昊同学在即将毕业之际选择放弃生命，并且其死很可能与其导师有关，这样一件事情显然更应引起公众关注的事情，却被所有媒体一致无视。这毫无疑问是北大新闻学院封锁消息的结果。

新闻自由对于社会，对于公民的意义，相信北大新闻学院的老师们比我要清楚得多。听说谢新洲老师自己上课的时候还说过“谣言止于真相”这样的话。但令人感到悲哀的是，恰恰是这些引领中国新闻事业方向的人，用自己的行动践踏了新闻自由的神圣理想。

最让我感到不安的是，一个北大新闻学院就有能力把消息封锁得严严实实，让一个生命毫无尊严地人间蒸发。而我们这个国家有多少比北大新闻学院强大无数倍的力量存在，能够把多少比贾昊之死更黑暗无数倍的、残忍而真实的事实封锁住、掩盖住，仿佛从来没有发生过呢？又有多少像贾昊一样的无权无势的普通人，无论生还是死，都只能注定是沉默的大多数呢？

曾经引领中国自由、民主之风的北大，如今已经成了言论控制的排头兵。目前校方对未名BBS的“管理”之严格，新闻审查标准之苛刻，在全国高校之中都可称“独领风骚”。去年做为奥运会比赛场馆的北大体育馆工地起火，当全北京已无人不知、无人不晓时，未名BBS上仍然见不到有关此事的只言片语，和谐的一塌糊涂。有关人员不懈删贴的精神，完全配得上“掩耳盗铃”四字。此次贾昊同学自杀的消息，也不例外地在未名三角地遭到封杀，以至于北大同学不得不跑到清华的BBS上去了解、讨论相关情况。

我不得不说，新院胜利了，北大胜利了。这是一种令人绝望的胜利。（完）

       继“很黄很暴力”的张殊凡后，又一名央视采访对象托“人肉搜索”的福一夜成名了。这位名叫高也的大学生在昨晚的《焦点访谈》中面对镜头大谈谷歌黄色信息对青少年的危害，仅几个小时后，其在“校内网”和新浪上的个人主页就被网友曝光。其中信息显示，高也目前正在《焦点访谈》栏目组实习。大多数网友据此认为高也是《焦点访谈》安排的托，并发出了“做人不能太高也”的呼吁。今天，高也已经将自己的博

客文章全部删除。

       网民们的推理是这样的：《焦点访谈》要做一期谴责谷歌的节目，要找一个学生痛诉黄色信息的危害，于是就找到了正在栏目组实习的高也，让他说一番事先安排好的话，又方便又达到了目的。这样的逻辑可以说是合情合理的，但也存在漏洞：高也既然是在实习，那么说明他除了焦点访谈工作人员的身份之外，确实也拥有大学生的身份，而且，我们无法证明高也在接受采访的时候说的就不是他的心里话。因此，

不能排除高也以真实身份，说了真话的可能。

       有一点可以肯定的是，假设高也说的不是《焦点访谈》想要的话，那么他的采访就不会被播出。 “观念先行”的新闻操作模式并不是CCTV的专利。绝大多数记者在写稿时，都会在不同的采访记录中有意无意地选择出自己最“喜欢”的写到文章中。比如某个记者要写一篇《金融危机影响餐饮业》的文章，然后采访了十家餐馆，其中九家都表示自己生意没受影响，但最后出现在文章中的一定是受了影响的那一家。

       但是，“观念先行”有一个重要的前提，就是你的观念确实要代表了实际情况或者大多数人的想法，这样你的稿件才能使人相信。这次高也之所以遭到如此激烈的声讨，恐怕和“很傻很天真”的张殊凡一样，都是因为其言论偏离大多数人的想法太远，以至于让人难以相信其不是背台词。

        所以，我们要尊重高也个人的思想和言论自由，但是要谴责那些违背常识和民意的新闻操作。一句话：做人可以高也，做新闻不能太CCTV。

      上周六晚上去蜂巢剧场看了孟京辉指导的音乐剧《空中花园谋杀案》，没有提前买票，到那儿被告知只有200的了，而且一个黄牛都没有。考虑再三后忍痛出血，却看到后面几个人都是只跟窗口报了个名字就领到了票，颇为不爽。
      蜂巢是典型的小剧场，大概能坐两三百人，舞台和观众席几乎没有距离，十分适合音乐剧的演出。更值得一提的是该剧场音响效果奇好，为演出增色不少。相比较起来，上演过诸多大牌音乐剧的北展剧场简直就是暴殄天物。
      舞台布置的简单有力，很好地配合了作品悬疑、荒诞的风格。场景的切换和道具的运用流畅有效，足见导演舞台调度的功力。
      由于是悬疑剧，情节就不透露太多了。但是其实悬疑只是一个幌子而已，这部戏的“中心思想” 还是反映现代社会之中人所面临的困境和焦虑。但是问题在于，既然是以悬疑主打，那么故事的情节至少也要合情合理才行，但实际上该剧从一开始就充满了各种缺乏逻辑、前后矛盾或者不符合常理的情节，让人觉得整个故事太过勉强。这些问题导致观众很难产生入戏的感觉，也阻碍了戏剧主旨的表达。戏剧自然是可以荒诞的，但荒诞也需要建立在合情合理的基础上。
      至于台词，个人认为过于文艺腔，小聪明很多但缺乏能让人回味的部分。另外，由于过于文艺，多个段落的台词都显得冗长，对剧情没有推动作用，又看不出其他的作用。很多故作幽默的“包袱”安插地比较生硬，也不好笑。剧中还多次出现脏话，而且看不出有任何使用脏话的必要，似乎只是为脏而脏，很“雷”人。
      音乐则分为两部分，除了过场音乐为摇滚乐外，演唱的段落基本都由北大才子张然作曲。单就歌曲的旋律来说，很不错，一听就是张然的风格。但问题在于，曲风显得有些单调，无论哪个角色，在什么情节之中，唱出来的都是差不多的旋律，缺乏情绪的变化和戏剧感。摇滚乐仅限于过场，但其实完全可以运用到一些唱段之中。
      另外一个问题就是，该剧给我的感觉是先有一个话剧本子，然后配的歌曲。因为音乐段落基本都是抒情咏叹调，没有推动情节的作用，甚至显得多余。尤其后半部分餐厅的一场戏，基本上就是话剧，音乐几乎完全没了用场。其实这个矛盾冲突最集中的段落里完全可以写出很精彩的大喧叙调和多重唱。所以如果这部戏将来还有修改的机会的话，希望编剧和作曲能多沟通，把音乐和剧情更好得揉合在一起。
      演员表演方面我认为可以打90分。虽然没有什么熟悉的面孔，但可以看出这些演员基本功都不错，表演也很卖力。赵大夫的扮演者唱功不俗，其他人大多也都不错，个别人虽然唱得一般，但都在可以接受的范围内。乐队的表现非常精彩。
      整场演出中观众的掌声稀稀拉拉，到谢幕时也没有掀起高潮。我认为主要的原因还是故事情节问题太多，让人很难入戏。

      今天大家都在庆祝校庆，但是每年的这个时候我都很不爽，甚至有些气愤。因为北大根本不是5.4那天建立的，校庆日不应该是这一天。我觉得成立日这种东西 ，是哪一天就是哪一天，没听说过后来再改的，而且除了给自己脸上贴金以外，实在找不出什么改的理由了。另外说实话，北大现在都堕落成这样了，还好意思把自己跟5.4联系起来吗？

这次题不多 ，各位聪明 的同学捧个场啊

 

 

1、假设A和B的血缘关系为同母异父，那么A的某一个子女与B的某一个子女之间关系为同奶异爷的概率是___? (不考虑重男轻女等社会因素)

A、25%    B、50%   C、75%    D、100%

2、某人去中国曲艺家协会办事，他到一层准备坐电梯上楼。电梯司机问他：“您去几层？我是快板演员，唱《玲珑塔》的。” 某人想了一下说：“幸亏我去的是___层，要不还真没法坐电梯了。”

A、 4     B、7     C、 10    D、15

3、小黄和两个朋友吃饭，结帐的时候服务员说是53元。小黄说：“51吧，我们三个人好算账”，服务员同意了。第二天，小黄又叫上小李、小魏、小焦、小毛吃饭。大家点了61块钱的菜。小黄说：“再点一个______”

A、8块钱的酸辣土豆丝   B、9块钱的摊鸡蛋  C、10块钱的炒藕片  D、11块钱的蒜蓉油麦菜

4、甲、乙、丙三人结伴旅游。某一日，三人合资900元包了一辆车。中午吃饭的时候，甲对乙、丙说：“这样，今天的饭钱我都掏了，最后结车钱的时候把饭钱从我的账上扣掉。” 乙听后表示同意，丙表示不同意。请问三人中：

A、甲是傻X     B、乙是傻x     C、丙是傻x     D、都是傻X

5、假设"n0后”包括以下两种人：1）1900-2008年之间，19nm或20nm（m为任意值）年出生的人，2)年龄大于等于n0岁的人 且n=x时以上两种人的范围完全重合。则在2008年时，x有几个解？

A、3   B、4   C、5   D、6

路透社北京分社研究员 余乐/文
（本文仅代表作者本人观点）

      随着两会的召开，关于五一黄金周的存废之争急剧升温。有报道称，广东、重庆均准备恢复黄金周，更有代表委员建议将其扩展至全国。由此，刚刚废除了仅一年的黄金周大有全面复辟之势。当然，争论中也不乏反对派的声音，清华大学教授蔡继明更是因其反对派领袖的身份而一炮走红。

       蔡教授认为，“黄金周最初的使命就是在亚洲金融危机的情况下启动内需”，而现在其拉动内需的作用已经不明显了，因此“已经完成了它的使命”。同时，“节假日毕竟是奢侈品，多放一天假，少干一天活，创造的财富也会相应减少；西方国家法定假日不会多过我们10天，但我国人均GDP只相当于人家的1/20；法定假日总量和国民经济发展息息相关，不可能随意增加”。

（右图：2007年11月26日，一名导游带领游客游览海南三亚南山景区。摄影：路透/Nir Elias）

       赞成派则认为，在目前经济危机的形势下，恢复黄金周有助于刺激旅游业，拉动经济增长。事实上，广东和重庆在申请恢复黄金周时也都公开申明其目的主要就是刺激旅游业。

      在我看来，这样一场争论已经无所谓谁是谁非，因为其出发点根本就是错误的。如果说黄金周的存废取决于其对经济的拉动作用，那么这本身就是黄金周制度的真正享有者–广大劳动人民的悲哀。

      蔡教授十分自信地表示：“大不了就来一次全民大投票，我相信最终支持我的人占绝大多数。”但是凡稍有常识的人都应该知道，如果真的搞全民公决，蔡教授绝对会死得很难看。在我接触的“屁民”（普通人）之中，没有一个人支持蔡教授的观点，但是他们的理由绝不是认为黄金周可以拉动内需，甚至许多人也并不介意有没有一个外出旅游的机会。他们希望拥有一个黄金周的理由简单得不能再简单：黄金周不用上班，可以歇着，可以与家人团圆。

      从这个角度讲，两会上的这场争论和老百姓对黄金周的看法完全是鸡同鸭讲。当官员学者们分成两派，津津有味地对黄金周与旅游、内需、经济之间的关系激烈辩论的时候，占全国人口绝大多数的普通劳动者所希望的，只是在日复一日的繁重工作之中，在背井离乡的漂泊苟且中，能得到一个喘息的机会，能过几天心情舒畅的日子。作为休假制度的直接利益相关方，他们不但在这场辩论中毫无发言权，其利益需求更是被被辩论的双方一致忽略。在官员、学者的眼中，他们只是消费者或创造价值的机器，只有在掏钱或者干活的时候才有存在的意义。一个个鲜活的人，需要回家，需要休息的人，就这样淹没在一片GDP的汪洋大海之中。

      上过中学政治课的人都知道，资本主义社会的初期，工人的处境是极其悲惨的，资产阶级和无产阶级的矛盾也非常尖锐。后来，资本家逐步提高了工人的待遇，减少了劳动时间和强度，增加了休息和休假时间。但课本告诉我们，造成这一现象的原因并非资本家体恤工人，而是为了缓和矛盾，维持统治，并同时增加无产阶级的消费能力，扩大自己产品的销路。

       眼下的黄金周存废之争，岂不是这一现象在中国的重演？也就是说，正反两派所争论的实质是：让劳动者休息能创造更大的价值，还是让他们工作能创造更大的价值。在这里，经济价值僭越了人本身，成为双方共同追求的终极目标。正因如此，才会出现消费过热时取消黄金周，经济低迷时又恢复黄金周，即所谓朝令夕改的怪圈。

      我并不反对蔡教授反对恢复黄金周的观点，但我希望他能证明不恢复黄金周劳动人民也能享受同样的休息权。我支持恢复黄金周的一方，但我反对以促进旅游、拉动内需作为恢复的理由。需要黄金周的不是经济，而是人。（完）

By Yu Le

BEIJING (Reuters) - Among the hundreds of millions of young Chinese couples heading back to family homes for the Lunar New Year holiday this week, some have a secret -- they are traveling not for love but money.

Young Chinese from smaller towns and villages still face withering parental pressure to marry in their early twenties, and some pay good money to hire the right type to bring home and please anxious parents, at least for a few vacation days.

This 'rent-a-date' trade springs up on China's Internet bulletin boards around the week-long holiday, fueled by harried professionals looking for a pretend partner who will smile and say the right things.

"Girl friend wanted, will pay per day," wrote one man surnamed Wang, on the popular Baidu website (tieba.baidu.com).

"Requirements: pretty, good body, around 1.6 meters, under 23 years old. Please contact me if you are interested."

The 25-year-old, who declined to give his full name, grew up in a rural part of central China's Henan province and now works in a steel plant in Chengde, a city north of Beijing.

Wang was still comfortably under the average age for marrying in big cities -- about 29 years old for men and 27 for women.

But coming from the rural backwoods -- where the average marriage ages are 23 and 22 years old respectively -- he faces pressure to pair up.

"I've just graduated from college and have no money. It's unrealistic for me to date a girl," he told Reuters. "But if I went home without a girlfriend, my parents will be worried about me."

Wang said he had paid 80 yuan per day ($12) for his rented partner, as well as travel and accommodation costs.

Another single who advertised on another website (bj.58.com) said he paid 1,000 yuan ($150) to take a stranger he met online to his home in Liaoning province in the country's cold northeast.

"I can't bear the pressure from parents," said the 37-year-old, who would only give his surname, Zhao.

"I don't think it's deceiving or immoral," he said of the subterfuge. "It comes from goodwill."

His rented partner did her job well, Zhao said.

"My parents were quite satisfied with her. So I paid an extra 500 yuan as a bonus."

There is no lack of women also looking for a temporary escape from prodding parents.

"Because my parents are getting quite pushy, this year I want to find a high quality male partner to accompany me to my old home in Shandong for the festival," said one aspiring Internet dater, referring to the province in eastern China.

"If you're not sincere, don't disturb my life, thank you."

(Editing by Chris Buckley and Gillian Murdoch)

（文章是我在都江堰写的，但是因为某些原因没有署名。。。）

DUJIANGYAN, China, Dec 9 (Reuters) - Seven months after the Sichuan earthquake levelled wide swathes of southwest China, millions of victims are battling biting cold and a fast-cooling economy to rebuild their shattered lives.

A rapid slowdown in Chinese tourism amid the global financial crisis only compounds the pain in Dujiangyan, a city surrounded by ancient waterworks but reduced to rubble by the May 12 quake which killed more than 80,000 people.

The downtown of Dujiangyan, a once thriving commercial hub popular with tourists and weekend visitors, is now eerily quiet, especially at night.

Many of the buildings here still stand, albeit at an angle, but most are empty. More than half the kerbside stores are shut, and shoppers are few and far between in the ones that are open.

"There are many fewer tourists here than before," said a gatekeeper at a local scenic spot surnamed Teng. "Partly because of the earthquake, partly because of the economic crisis.

"People will not go out for fun if they have no money."

Yang Tingxiu and her husband, both in their 50s, ran a business before the disaster, but now scratch out a living doing cleaning jobs around their temporary housing community.

"We lost everything in the earthquake except our lives," said Yang, who lives with her husband in a portable dwelling furnished with an old, donated television and a gas cylinder.

"We just scrape along. The only way for us to survive in winter is to put on more clothes."

BLACK YEAR FOR TOURISM

It has been a black year for China's tourism industry, hit by unseasonably cold weather last winter, by restrictions on travel to Lhasa and other Tibetan areas following a Tibetan uprising in March, and by the Olympics, when many Chinese stayed at home to watch the Games rather than travel in August.

China's National Tourism Administration has pledged to return up to 70 percent of travel agencies' deposits -- funds kept in reserve to compensate tourists in case of accidents and other claims -- to stem the flow of red ink in the sector, the China Daily said on Tuesday.

But in the quake zone, despite China's plans to spend 1 trillion yuan ($145.5 billion) on rebuilding, the fiscal stimulus package remains cold comfort for millions still living in tents and temporary housing.

A Siberian cold front lashed China last week, plunging temperatures in quake zones to below freezing. Officials forecast another cold winter this year.

Conditions in the temporary communities are spartan but livable, with communal kitchens, supermarkets, schools and even massage parlours. Some residents have grumbled online that the government has not provided enough assistance and the high price of vegetables is a recurring gripe.

"Dujiangyan's economy has shrunk to the level of the very beginning of China's reform and opening up," said Teng, referring to economic reforms launched 30 years ago this month.

Quake-hit families in Dujiangyan have been offered 140,000 yuan or a new 70-sq-m apartment on the condition they give up their property rights to their past homes.

For Teng, the gatekeeper, the rebuilding shows the government has done a good job.

"The relief is working and welfare is better than before."

Xiang'e, a nearby town that lost nearly all its children when the school collapsed, is now a massive construction site, complete with billboards showing the blueprints of "our new hometown".

"The construction needs some time," said a young bulldozer driver at Xiang'e. "But as we are working, it will be done soon."

($1=6.871 Yuan)

(For more information on humanitarian crises and issues visit www.alertnet.org) (Reporting by Beijing newsroom; Writing by Ian Ransom and Lucy Hornby; Editing by Bill Tarrant)

     此刻我正坐在都江堰市区内的一间网吧里。外面是黑漆漆的一片：马路两旁的居民楼多数早已被废弃，等待拆除，临街的店铺卷帘门禁闭，岷江边曾经人声鼎沸的啤酒长廊空无一人，商业街虽然仍灯火通明，却门可罗雀。

      许多市民都将在市中心以外的板房里度过这个冬天，而住进新房还不知道要等上几年。

      都江堰景区的景色很美，岷江水清澈得令人难以置信。游客不多，三三两两的。导游在向他们讲着自己地震时救人的故事。

      二王庙还在维修，不远的山路上有几块地震时从山上落下来的巨石，现在已经被圈起来供人凭吊。

      几十米远处有个茶座，我要了杯竹叶青小憩一会。看摊儿的老奶奶正在陪小孙女玩。小姑娘认出了我书包上的奥运标志，并兴奋地告诉奶奶。老奶奶说：“对，我们得了51块金牌，21块银牌。。。”

      这些数字连我这个背着奥运记者包的人都有些想不起来了，而这位刚刚经历过地震灾害的老奶奶却记得这么清楚。那一刻我心里说不上来是什么滋味。